      DFSee version 14.1 03-01-2017  (c) 1994-2017: Jan van Wijk
 =========================[ www.dfsee.com ]==========================

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C O N T E N T S:
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  Command reference    = overview EXFAT specific commands
  Detailed description = description for every command


  Note: All generic commands can be found in DFSCMDS.TXT, for example:

        ALLOC,  CHECK,  CLONE,  RESIZE,  RECOVER,  SAVETO,  SCAN,  WIPE

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C O M M A N D   R E F E R E N C E:
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Active filesystem : EXFAT, specific commands are:

 \[path-spec]     = find and show ROOT or file/directory relative to root
 BOOTSYNC [a][-s] = Read, calculate CRC and synchronise primary/spare boot areas
 DELFIND   [name] = Find deleted files with DIR-entry containing (partial) name
 DIRTY      [d|c] = Display/set DIRTY, CLEAN  status for the EXFAT filesystem
 FATSELECT  [fat] = Select fat to be used (cached), fat = 1 or 2; default is 1
 FATSHOW   [*|nr] = Display contents of the FAT from memory, [nr]= # of entries
 FATSIM   img [f] = Save FAT table contents for FAT 'f' (1 or 2) to an imagefile
 FATWRIM  img [f] = Restore an imagefile with the FAT table to FAT 'f' (1 or 2)
 FILEFIND  [name] = Find normal files with DIR-entry containing (partial) name
 FINDROOT         = Find and list possible EXFAT root directory clusters/sectors
 FIXBOOT [1|*|-s] = Fix EXFAT bootsector area (0..11) from spare (12..23)
 NOBADS           = Reset bad-sector/cluster administration to ZERO bad sectors

 For an up-to-date list of commands, use the '?' command


 EXFAT specific sector types  (see ??? command)
  '1' = First  FAT area      '2' = Second FAT area      '8' = Start EXFAT area
  '\' = Root directory       'D' = Directory data

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D E T A I L E D   D E S C R I P T I O N:
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 \path-spec       = find and show file/directory relative to root (FINDPATH)

 Purpose:       Locate and display the DIR entry for given file/dir full path

 Parameters:    none

 Output:        The chain of directory-sectors+index upto the found DIR-entry
                followed by the display of the Dir-entry, or an error message
                when a path component was not found.

 Remarks:       Synonym for the FINDPATH generic command, where path-spec
                is a seperate parameter to the command
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 BOOTSYNC [a][-s] = Read, calculate CRC and synchronise primary/spare boot areas

 Purpose:       Syncronize the primary (LSN-0) and secondary (LSN 12) boot areas

 Parameters:    a         = Boot area(s) to WRITE, '0' is BOTH areas (default)
                            '1' is PRIMARY (LSN 0), '2' is SPARE area (LSN 12)

 Options:       -s        = Read from the SPARE boot-area instead of primary

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 CHECK  [drive] = Check filesystem integrity for drive-letter (CHKDSK)

 Purpose:       Perform a filesystem check, and report the errors found

 Parameters:    drive     PID or driveletter for partition to check.
                          When not specified, the CURRENT object is checked.

 Options:       -r        Force refresh of the Sector Lookup Table (SLT)
                          even if one exists already

 Output:        Two lines for each sector in error that is found, the first
                lists the sector number, where it is referenced from and a
                short description. The second line is an error description.

                For FAT the reported errors are:

                0x000001  Linked to some structure, but not in allocation-map
                0x000002  Allocated in allocation-map, but no known link
                0x000004  Allocation chain ends in a free cluster
                0x000020  Cluster chain is too long for specified item
                0x800000  The filesystem is marked DIRTY (open files)
                          this may cause bogus errors to be displayed!

 Remarks:       Some of the errors are generic, but most are filesystem
                specific. The generic ones are also listed with the 'SLT'
                command in dfscmds.txt.
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 CL             = Translate and display 'this' LSN as a cluster number

 Purpose:       Find out what cluster number corresponds to current LSN

 Parameters:    none

 Output:        The cluster number, or an error message when invalid
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 CL clust [cmd] = Translate specified cluster number to LSN, display with cmd

 Purpose:       Display data using a cluster number instead of an LSN

 Parameters:    clust   mandatory  The cluster number of interest

                cmd     optional   DFS generic command to execute with clust
                                   as its first and only parameter (like 'H')

 Output:        The output for the cmd. When no explicit cmd is specified this
                will be the DFS default for the corresponding LSN, usually a
                display of that sector(s) in an appropriate format.
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 DELFIND  [name] = Find deleted files with DIR-entry containing (partial) name

 Purpose:       Find deleted files, with name starting at current LSN

 Parameters:    name    optional   part of filename wanted, no wildcard

 Options:       -c      Start find from current sector instead of start
                -d-     Search outside EXISTING directories too (SLOW!)
                -v      Verbose search, list files while found  (SLOW!)


 Output:        Find-result list

 Remarks:       All deleted files and directory entries where the name starts
                with 0xe5 = 'å', will be found and added to the list.

                There is NO RECOVERY possible yet for deleted files, although
                the SAVETO and RECOVER commands will work, the resulting files
                will be CORRUPT due to missing allocation information for
                deleted files on FAT (except for small files, upto 1 cluster)

                List can be manipulated as usual, best viewed with "list -f"

                By default, only DIR areas are searched, which is at least
                a hundred times faster as searching the whole filesystem.

                Note: SLT will be built automatically when not present yet,
                      to allow display of full path and filename
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 DIRTY      [d|c] = Display/set DIRTY, CLEAN  status for the EXFAT filesystem

 Purpose:       Modify the EXFAT volume's 'dirty' state

 Parameters:    state   mandatory  'clean' will set it clean (no CHKDSK)
                                   'dirty' will force CHKDSK on reboot

 Output:        Confirmation

 Remarks:       A volume is normally marked 'dirty' by the OS on the first
                write access to it, and set 'clean' on successful shutdown.
                This means a system crash will cause a CHKDSK on reboot
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 FATSELECT [fat]= Select fat to be used (cached), fat = 1 or 2; default is 1

 Purpose:       Update the in-memory FAT from the specified FAT from disk

 Parameters:    fat     optional   Number of the FAT, either 1 or 2

 Output:        none

 Remarks:       FAT32 is the only supported format (backward compatible EXFAT)
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 FATSHOW  [*|nr] = Display contents of the FAT from memory, [nr] entries

 Purpose:       List all FAT-entries separately for analysis

 Parameters:    nr      optional   Number of FAT-entries to show.
                                   * = all entries, default is 160.

 Output:        A list of FAT-entries with 8 values in each line, <free>
                <bad> and <eof> values are shown as such.

 Remarks:       A graphical display of the FAT can be made using 'ALLOC'

                Note that with EXFAT, all contiguous (non-fragmented) files
                will NOT have the FAT entries marked as in-use, instead the
                file-allocation is contained in the EXFAT directory entry!
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 FATSIM  img [f] = Save FAT table contents for FAT 'f' (1 or 2) to an imagefile

 Purpose:       Save the complete file allocation table (FAT) to an imagefile

 Parameters:    img     mandatory  Name of the imagefile to create
                f       optional   Number of the FAT, 1 or 2 (default 1)

 Options:       -z      Enable LZW compression on the image-file

 Output:        Message indicating success or failure
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 FATWRIM img [f] = Restore an imagefile with the FAT table to FAT 'f' (1 or 2)

 Purpose:       Restore the complete file allocation table from an imagefile

 Parameters:    img     mandatory  Name of the imagefile to restore
                f       optional   Number of the FAT, 1 or 2 (default 1)

 Output:        Message indicating success or failure

 Remarks:       When used to synchronize FAT areas after a detected problem,
                use a FATSIM command (usually from FAT-1) to an imagefile,
                directly followed by a FATWRIM command to the other FAT area.

                This is a potentially dangerous operation, also usually both
                FATs on the disk need to be in-sync, 2 FATWRIMs may be needed.
                The used imagefile should have the right size, and preferably
                be created with the FATSIM cmd from the same (size) partition
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 FILEFIND [name] = Find normal files with DIR-entry containing (partial) name

 Purpose:       Find one or more directory entries for specified filename

 Parameters:    name    optional   Filename, or part of the name to find
                                   this is not a true wildcard, but can be
                                   any part of the long filename.

 Options:       -c      Start find from current sector instead of start
                -D      search directories only, not files
                -d-     Search outside EXISTING directories too (SLOW!)
                -v      Verbose search, list files while found (SLOW!)

 Output:        Find progress and result

 Remarks:       The result is a list of sector numbers of directory entries.
                A 'list -f' will list them, showing the sector number for
                the directories and the index for the entry in that sector.

                You can select a single file from the list using the .NNNN
                syntax, and use the "saveto" command to recover that file.

                List can be manipulated as usual, best viewed with "list -f"
                The 'recover' command can be used to recover multiple files.

                By default, only DIR areas are searched, which is at least
                a hundred times faster as searching the whole filesystem.

                Note: SLT will be built automatically when not present yet,
                      to allow display of full path and filename
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 FINDROOT       = Find and list possible EXFAT root directory clusters/sectors

 Purpose:       Find possible root directory clusters/sectors when the EXFAT
                root directory reference in the bootsector is missing or damaged.

 Parameters:    none

 Output:        One line for each possible root directory cluster/sector

 Remarks:       NOT IMPLEMETED FOR EXFAT YET!

                All found sectors will be put in the sector list as well, and
                can be saved for later use with the 'export' command.
                The 'list +f' command can be used to display them, and
                individual ones can be displayed from the sector list by
                selecting them with .NNNNN command. Note: this might reuse
                the sector list for the directory shown, so make sure you
                have saved the original one to be restored with 'import'.
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 FIXBOOT [1|*|-s] = Fix EXFAT bootsector area (0..11) from spare (12..23)

 Purpose:       Fix corrupted bootsector areas for an EXFAT partition

 Parameters:    1    = Force a copy of the SPARE bootsector only (LSN 12 -> 0)
                *    = Force a copy of the whole SPARE bootsector area to LSN 0

 Options:      -s    = Force a copy of the SPARE bootsector area (same as '*')

 Output:        Progress and confirmation info

 Remarks:       For EXFAT with a damaged bootsector this will try to copy a
                spare bootsector, either a single one when no parameter, or
                all (12) sectors when the parameter '*' is specified.
                If the bootsector at sector 0 is damaged, you can force
                copying the SPARE sector by using the '-s' option.
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 NOBADS          = Reset bad-sector/cluster administration to ZERO bad sectors

 Purpose:       Make sure the filsystem specific administration for bad sectors
                is reset to a state where NO bad-sectors are present.

 Parameters:    none


 Output:        Message indicating success or failure

 Remarks:       This is most useful after CLONING (or imaging) a damaged disk
                or partition that had bad sectors areas to a new disk.
                Running the 'NOBADS' command will reclaim the previously
                marked sectors/clusters back for normal use.

                For EXFAT, this command affects the 1st and 2nd FAT areas,
                where all 'BAD' markings (0ffffff7) are replaced by the
                'FREE' mark (00000000).
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